Inhibitory effect of astragalus membranaceus injection on apoptosis and autophagy induced by enterovirus 71 / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To investigate the effect of astragalus membranaceus（AM）injection on apoptosis and autophagy of human gastric epithelial cell line（GES⁃1）induced by enterovirus 71（EV71）. Methods GES⁃1 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into infected group（EV71 infected at a MOI of 3 and control group（no virus infected）. The morpho⁃logical changes of EV71 infected cells were observed by inverted microscope. The level of VP1 in GES⁃1 cells infected with EV71 was detected by Western blot；CCK⁃8 assay was used to detect the viability of GES⁃1 cells infected with EV71；Nuclear staining with DAPI was used to observe the morphological changes of nuclear apoptosis infected with EV71. GES⁃1 cells were divided into control group（without virus infection），infection group and AM intervention group with final concentration of 1，2. 5，5 and 10 μg／mL，respectively. Western blot was used to detect the effect of AM intervention on the expression of apoptosis⁃related proteins Caspase⁃3，PARP and autophagy⁃related proteins LC3 and P62 in GES⁃1 cells infected withEV71. CCK⁃8 method was used to detect the effect of AM intervention on the viability of GES⁃1 cells infected with EV71. Results GES⁃1 cells were round，shrunken with nuclear pyknosis and uneven size；VP1 level increased（t = 41. 56，P < 0. 01），cell viability decreased（t = 19. 07，P < 0. 01），Caspase⁃3 and PARP proteins were cut off（t = 35. 29 and 3. 648， P < 0. 01 and 0. 021 8，respectively），LC3Ⅱ／LC3Ⅰ ratio increased（t = 10. 16，P = 0. 000 5）and P62 protein was degraded（t = 68. 68，P < 0. 01）；AM inhibited the degradation of Caspase⁃3，PARP and P62 proteins induced by EV71 （t = 52. 66，59. 60 and 40. 22，respectively，each P < 0. 01）and increased the ratio of LC3Ⅱ／LC3Ⅰ（t = 5. 521，P = 0. 005 3），andreducedtheinhibitoryeffectofEV71ontheviabilityofGES⁃1cells（t =4. 420，P =0. 0115）. Conclusion EV71 infection induced apoptosis of GES⁃ 1 cells and AM intervention inhibited EV71 induced apoptosis by inhibiting EV71 induced autophagy.

Experimental investigation of early assessment of corpora cavernosa fibrosis with two-dimensional shear wave elastography / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

This study explored the usefulness of two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) in the early assessment of corpora cavernosa fibrosis (CCF). New Zealand male rabbits were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group. Recombinant human transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) was injected into the dorsal penis tissue of rabbits in the experimental group. Conventional ultrasound and 2D-SWE examinations were performed before and 20 days after injection. Penile histological analysis was performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, sirius red staining, and immunohistochemistry. Measurement of 2D-SWE examination results was performed using shear wave elastography quantitative measurement (SWQ). Histological analysis outcomes were the proportion of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), collagen fibers (CFs), collagen type I (Col I), and collagen type III (Col III), as well as the SMCs/CFs ratio, measured by sirius red staining. Other histological analysis outcomes were the positive area proportion (PAP) of TGF-β1 (PAPT), fibronectin (PAPF), and Col III (PAPC), measured by immunohistochemistry. After recombinant human TGF-β1 injection, SWQ was higher in the experimental group than that in the control group (P < 0.001); however, there were no differences in conventional ultrasound results. There were significant differences in histological outcomes between the two groups (all P < 0.05). These results indicated that 2D-SWE was superior for identifying early histological changes in CCF.

Subchronic Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Sodium Dehydroacetate: A 90-day Repeated Dose Study in Rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#The present study was undertaken to evaluate the subchronic oral toxicity of sodium dehydroacetate (DHA-Na) and to determine the point of departure (POD), which is a critical factor in the establishment of an acceptable dietary intake.@*Methods@#DHA-Na was administered once daily by gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats at dose levels of 0.0, 31.0, 62.0, and 124.0 mg/kg BW per day for 90 days, followed by a recovery period of 4 weeks in the control and 124.0 mg/kg BW per day groups. The outcome parameters were mortality, clinical observations, body weights, food consumption, hematology and clinical biochemistry, endocrine hormone levels, and ophthalmic, urinary, and histopathologic indicators. The benchmark dose (BMD) approach was applied to estimate the POD.@*Results@#Significant decreases were found in the 62.0 and 124.0 mg/kg BW groups in terms of the body weight and food utilization rate, whereas a significant increase was found in the thyroid stimulating hormone levels of the 124.0 mg/kg BW group. Importantly, the 95% lower confidence limit on the BMD of 51.7 mg/kg BW was modeled for a reduction in body weight.@*Conclusion@#The repeated-dose study indicated the slight systemic toxicity of DHA-Na at certain levels (62.0 and 124.0 mg/kg BW) after a 90-day oral exposure.

The Effect of hnRNPK/Beclin1 Signaling on the Drug Resistance of Imatinib in Ph+ Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of hnRNPK/Beclin1 signaling on the drug resistance of imatinib in Ph+ leukemia.@*METHODS@#Expression level of hnRNPK was verified in the imatinib resistant and sensitive Ph+ leukemia cell lines by using Western blot. hnRNPK expression was down-regulated by using RNAi. Expression level of LC3I/II and Beclin1 were detected by Western blot and the sensitivity of imatinib was analyzed by CCK-8 assay before and after modulation of hnRNPK expression.@*RESULTS@#hnRNPK showed overexpressed in imatinib resistant leukemia cell line. After the expression level of hnRNPK was down-regulated by RNAi, the sensitivity of drug resistance lines to imatinib restored, while the expression level of LC3I/II and Beclin1 were consistant with the modulation of hnRNPK expression.@*CONCLUSION@#hnRNP K/Beclin1 signaling may be involved in the development of imatinib resistance in Ph+ leukemia through the regulation of autophagy.

Relationship between Small-world Network and Cognitive Impairment for Patients with White Matter Lesions Based On Diffusion Tensor Imaging / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the relationship between small-worldness of brain network and cognitive impairment in patients with white matter lesions (WMLs) based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods:From January, 2016 to December, 2017, 46 WMLs patients and 36 controls matched genders, ages and education levels from Beijing Tiantan Hospital were screened with DTI. The patients were divided into vascular cognitive impairment non-dementia (VCIND) and vascular dementia (VaD) groups according to the results of cognitive assessments. The brain structure network was created based on DTI data, and the topological properties of the whole-brain small-world network were calculated, and the correlation between the small-worldness and the severity of cognitive impairment was analyzed. Results:The global efficiency, local efficiency, shortest path length and clustering coefficient were different between the patients and the controls (F > 3.252, P < 0.05), as well as the properties of the small-world network, λ, γ and σ (F > 7.378, P < 0.01). The λ, γ and σ were correlated with the total score of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (|r| > 0.402, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The brain structure network is small-world network for patients with WMLs, and the decrease of small-world properties may relate to the cognitive impairment.

Study on potential molecular mechanism of Mongolian medicine Bawei Sanxiang San in treatment of chronic heart failure based on network pharmacology and molecular docking / 中国中药杂志

To explore the potential molecular mechanism of Mongolian medicine Bawei Sanxiang San in the treatment of chronic heart failure(CHF) through network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. The active ingredients and potential targets of Bawei Sanxiang San were collected by applying TCMSP, BATMAN databases and literature mining. CHF-related genes were collected through TTD, GeneCards and CTD databases. After the potential common targets between Bawei Sanxiang San and CHF were disco-vered, the interaction network diagram of "compound-target-pathway" was constructed using Cytoscape. The intersecting targets were imported into the DAVID database for GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, the Autodock_vina software was used to molecularly dock the selected proteins with the active ingredients of Bawei Sanxiang San. The results showed that there were 60 active ingredients in Bawei Sanxiang San that might be used to treat CHF, involving 311 target genes and 7 signaling pathways that directly related to CHF, such as HIF-1 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption, calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, renin secretion. Additionally, molecular docking showed that the bioactive compounds had good binding activity with the protein receptors of key target genes. Bawei Sanxiang San might exert therapeutic effects on CHF by regulating cardiomyocytes, angiogenic and inflammation related targets and pathways in a multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway manner.

Nivolumab-associated pulmonary toxicities： a retrospective study based on FARES database from 2016 to 2019 / 上海预防医学

Objective:Nivolumab is one of the most common programmed death 1 （PD-1） inhibitors used as an immune checkpoint inhibitor （ICI）. It brings significant therapeutic effects but often accompanied by serious drug toxicity. The pulmonary toxicities of nivolumab are not clear. This study aims to systematically explore the nivolumab-associated pulmonary toxicities and provide reference for clinical treatment. Methods:Data were extracted from US Food and Drug Administration （FDA） Adverse Event Reporting System （FAERS） database from January 1， 2016 to September 30， 2019. Two types of disproportionality analysis， information component （IC） and reporting odds ratio （ROR）， were applied in nivolumab-associated pulmonary adverse events （AEs） signal detection. Results:A total of 28 489 309 records were extracted from FAERS database and 8 181 records were associated with nivolumab. Analysis was conducted in 179 AEs and 86 signals were detected. Notably， potent signals were detected in radiation pneumonitis （IC025： 3.99， ROR025： 17.25）， pneumonitis （IC025： 3.34， ROR025： 10.64） and bronchial fistula （IC025： 2.94， ROR025： 8.78）. Nivolumab-associated pulmonary toxicities were more frequently reported in dyspnoea （IC025： 0.50， ROR025： 1.44）， pneumonia （IC025： 0.08， ROR025： 1.07） and pneumonitis （IC025： 3.34， ROR025： 10.64）. Results of IC and ROR methods were similar to each other. Most pulmonary toxicities were observed in patients with non-small cell lung cancer （N=3 711， 32.13%）， malignant melanoma （N=1 658， 14.36%） and renal cell carcinoma （N=731， 6.33%）. Conclusion:Significant pulmonary toxicities were detected in patients treated with nivolumab. Thus， it is highly important for clinicians to be vigilant about nivolumab-associated pulmonary AEs and be prepared to take immediate action for patient safety.

Trans-base and trans-vault low-velocity penetrating brain injury: A retrospective comparative study of characteristics, treatment, and outcomes / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#Low-velocity penetrating brain injury (LVPBI) caused by foreign bodies can pose life-threatening emergencies. Their complexity and lack of validated classification data have prevented standardization of clinical management. We aimed to compare the trans-base and trans-vault phenotypes of LVPBI to help provide guidance for clinical decision-making of such injury type.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study on LVPBI patients managed at our institution from November 2013 to March 2020 was conducted. We included LVPBI patients admitted for the first time for surgery, and excluded those with multiple injuries, gunshot wounds, pregnancy, severe blunt head trauma, etc. Patients were categorized into trans-base and trans-vault LVPBI groups based on the penetration pathway. Discharged patients were followed up by outpatient visit or telephone. The data were entered into the Electronic Medical Record system by clinicians, and subsequently derived by researchers. The demography and injury characteristics, treatment protocols, complications, and outcomes were analyzed and compared between the two groups. A t-test was used for analysis of normally distributed data, and a Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric data. A generalized linear model was further established to determine whether the factors length of stay and performance scale score were influenced by each factor.@*RESULTS@#A total of 27 LVPBI patients were included in this analysis, comprised of 13 (48.1%) trans-base cases and 14 (51.9%) trans-vault cases. Statistical analyses suggested that trans-base LVPBI was correlated with deeper wounds; while the trans-vault phenotype was correlated with injury by metal foreign bodies. There was no difference in Glasgow Coma Scale score and the risk of intracranial hemorrhage between the two groups. Surgical approaches in the trans-base LVPBI group included subfrontal (n = 5, 38.5%), subtemporal (n = 5, 38.5%), lateral fissure (n = 2, 15.4%), and distal lateral (n = 1, 7.7%). All patients in the trans-vault group underwent a brain convex approach using the foreign body as reference (n = 14, 100%). Moreover, the two groups differed in application prerequisites for intracranial pressure monitoring and vessel-related treatment. Trans-base LVPBI was associated with higher rates of cranial nerve and major vessel injuries; in contrast, trans-vault LVPBI was associated with lower functional outcome scores.@*CONCLUSION@#Our findings suggest that trans-base and trans-vault LVPBIs differ in terms of characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. Further understanding of these differences may help guide clinical decisions and contribute to a better management of LVPBIs.

Effect of surgical treatment on prognosis in preterm infants with obstructive hydrocephalus / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the effect of surgical treatment on prognosis in preterm infants with obstructive hydrocephalus.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 49 preterm infants with obstructive hydrocephalus. According to the treatment regimen, they were divided into two groups: surgical treatment (@*RESULTS@#Among the 49 preterm infants with obstructive hydrocephalus, severe intracranial hemorrhage (37 cases; 76%) and central nervous system infection (10 cases, 20%) were the main causes of hydrocephalus. There was no significant difference in the composition of etiology between the two groups (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Surgical treatment can improve the survival rate of preterm infants with obstructive hydrocephalus and the prognosis of preterm infants with severe intracranial hemorrhage.

Flipped classroom teaching:Practice and evaluation / 上海预防医学

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of flipped classroom teaching in medical research design class with more than 50 undergraduate. Methods Using randomized parallel-control study, two classes were chosen for this study:flipped classroom teaching group (i.e.FC group) and traditional teaching group (i.e.control group).Except for different teaching modes, all the other conditions of these two groups remained the same, including learning materials, network reference materials and teaching equipment. Results The FC group had 52 students and the control group had 69 students.After teaching, the final test score on study design in FC group was 11.53 higher (95%CI:4.75-18.32, t=3.37, P=0.001).However, there was no statistically significant difference between the test scores of other medical statistic teaching units (t=0.223, P=0.824). Conclusion FC teaching can be used in large class (more than 50 students) in medical undergraduate education.For flipped classroom teaching with large number of students, teachers should strengthen the arrangement of students′ self-study before class, organize effective team discussion, and make full use of new technologies to support teaching.

Dynamics of Proliferation and Differentiation after Transplantation of Hematopoietic Cells in Mouse / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of Listeria monocytogenes infection on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) composition, cell cycle and cell colony-forming ability in mouse bone marrow.@*METHODS@#The C57BL/6J mice were divided into infected group and control group. The mice in injected group were infected intraperitoneally with 6.7×10 CFU Listeria monocytogenes,while the mice in control group were injecfed with PBS of same volume.The serum levels of IFNγ were detected at different time points. After 24 hours, the HS/PC composition, cell cycle and cell colony-forming ability in bone marrow of mice were measured, and the difference between the control group and the infected group was statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Serum IFNγ levels peaked at 24 hours after infection with Listeria monocytogenes. After 24 h, the proportion of LSK, LSK in S phase, and short-term hematopoietic stem cells (ST-HSC) in the infected group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.001), long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSC) and the proportion of LT-HSC in S phase were significantly increased (P＜0.01), and the cell colony-forming ability of bone marrow significantly decreased (P＜0.01). [WTHZ]Conclusion: [WTB1]After infection with Listeria monocytogenes, bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells enter the proliferative state from rest, the cell colony-forming ability decreases, suggesting that Listeria monocytogenes infection can cause hematopoietic stem cell depletion.

Synthesis and evaluation of a dendritic poly(L-glutamic acid)-graft-polyethylenimine copolymer as an efficient gene delivery vector / 药学学报

The study was designed to synthesize a novel dendritic copolymer composed of polyamidoamine dendrimer G0 as the inner core and poly(L-glutamic acid) grafted low molecular weight polyethylenimine (PGLP) as surrounding arms for gene delivery vector. The molecular structure of PGLP was confirmed by 1H NMR (proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy). The DNA combination capability of PGLP was examined by gel retardation electrophoresis. The particle sizes and zeta potentials of PGLP/pDNA complexes were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The cytotoxicity of PGLP was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and hemolysis assays, which was approved by Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. The in vitro transfection efficiency of PGLP was measured by a flow cytometry. The results of physicochemical properties suggested that PGLP could self-assemble with DNA to form complexes with average particle sizes of about 105-200 nm and zeta potentials of about +10 - +28 mV, which could protect DNA from serum degradation. The results of biological properties suggested that PGLP showed more higher transfection efficiencies but lower cytotoxicity than PEI 25K or Lipofectamine 2000 in various cell lines (HEK 293T, HeLa, BEL 7402, RASMC). Importantly, it was found that PGLP/pDNA complexes at w/w = 8 showed more strong serum-resistant capacity than PEI 25K/pDNA complexes. Therefore, PGLP is a promising candidate vector for gene delivery.

Study on intention to quit smoking and influencing factors among current smokers aged 15 to 69 years in Gansu Province / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To understand the intention to quit smoking and its influencing factors among current smokers in Gansu Province, so as to provide scientific basis for tobacco control. Methods A multi-stage sampling method was used to extract current smokers aged 15-69 years, and a face-to-face survey was conducted using the questionnaire on smoking among residents in China. Intention to quit smoking between current smokers with different characteristics was analyzed. Logistic regression was used to explore influencing factors of intention to quit smoking. Results The intention of current smokers to quit smoking in Gansu Province was 16.4% (95% CI:15.5%-17.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that current smokers who were in rural areas (OR=1.199, 95% CI:1.022-1.408, P=0.026); family smoking prohibited (OR=1.767, 95% CI: 1.273-2.454, P=0.001), medical staff discouraged smoking within 12 months (OR=1.599, 95% CI:1.359-1.842, P<0.001), visited smoking clinics (OR=3.089, 95% CI:2.031-4.698, P＜001), higher educational level of junior high school, senior high school and college or above (OR=1.383, 95% CI:1.101-1.736; OR=1.627, 95% CI:1.252-2.116; OR=1.374, 95% CI:1.009-1.873, all P<0.05), tobacco hazards knowledge with higher scores of 1-, 3- and 5-6 (OR=1.248, 95% CI:1.030-1.514; OR=1.574, 95% CI:1.289-1.922; OR=2.288, 95% CI:1.879-2.786, all P<0.05) were more likely to quit smoking; furthermore, smokers aged 20-, 30- years or smoking 20-, 30- years had a lower chance of quit smoking (all P<0.05). Conclusions The intention of current smokers to quit smoking in Gansu province is generally not high. In the future, knowledge of tobacco hazards should be further promoted, medical staff should provide more smoking cessation services during the treatment process, and more smoking cessation clinics should be established.

Role of human liver and intestine esterases in drug design and development / 药学学报

Human carboxylesterase (CES) and arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC) are important numbers of the serine esterase superfamily. They are involved in hydrolytic procedure of human endogenous cholesteryl esters, as well as drug metabolism, activation and detoxication. They are closely related to the personalized medication of drugs, especially for prodrugs. This review summarizes their structure and distribution, metabolic characteristics and research progress in recent years, which will provide a reference for new drug development and rational drug design.

Subchronic Oral Toxicity of Silica Nanoparticles and Silica Microparticles in Rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the subchronic oral toxicity of silica nanoparticles (NPs) and silica microparticles (MPs) in rats and to compare the difference in toxicity between two particle sizes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups: the control group; the silica NPs low-, middle-, and high-dose groups; and the silica MPs low-, middle-, and high-dose groups [166.7, 500, and 1,500 mg/(kg•bw•day)]. All rats were gavaged daily for 90 days, and deionized water was administered to the control group. Clinical observations were made daily, and body weights and food consumption were determined weekly. Blood samples were collected on day 91 for measurement of hematology and clinical biochemistry. Animals were euthanized for necropsy, and selected organs were weighed and fixed for histological examination. The tissue distribution of silicon in the blood, liver, kidneys, and testis were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no toxicologically significant changes in mortality, clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, necropsy findings, and organ weights. Differences between the silica groups and the control group in some hematological and clinical biochemical values and histopathological findings were not considered treatment related. The tissue distribution of silicon was comparable across all groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our study demonstrated that neither silica NPs nor silica MPs induced toxicological effects after subchronic oral exposure in rats.</p>

Subchronic Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Lanthanum: A 90-day, Repeated Dose Study in Rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The present study was undertaken to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of lanthanum and to determine the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL), which is a critical factor in the establishment of an acceptable dietary intake (ADI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In accordance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) testing guidelines, lanthanum nitrate was administered once daily by gavage to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at dose levels of 0, 1.5, 6.0, 24.0, and 144.0 mg/kg body weight (BW) per day for 90 days, followed by a recovery period of 4 weeks in the 144.0 mg/kg BW per day and normal control groups. Outcome parameters were mortality, clinical symptoms, body and organ weights, serum chemistry, and food consumption, as well as ophthalmic, urinary, hematologic, and histopathologic indicators. The benchmark dose (BMD) approach was applied to estimate a point of departure for the hazard risk assessment of lanthanum.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Significant decreases were found in the 144.0 mg/kg BW group in the growth index, including body weight, organ weights, and food consumption. This study suggests that the NOAEL of lanthanum nitrate is 24.0 mg/kg BW per day. Importantly, the 95% lower confidence value of the benchmark dose (BMDL) was estimated as 9.4 mg/kg BW per day in females and 19.3 mg/kg BW per day in males.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The present subchronic oral exposure toxicity study may provide scientific data for the risk assessment of lanthanum and other rare earth elements (REEs).</p>

Advance in Default Mode Network,Salience Network and Central Executive Network about Cognitive Function in Old Persons(review) / 中国康复理论与实践

@#A lot of researches indicate the relationship between cognitive impairment and functional connectivity of default mode network,salience network and central executive network.The changes of networks are various in different cognitive dys-function.It is important to apply resting state functional magnetic resonance in the old adults with cognitive dysfunction.

Optimization of steaming time of Cornus officinalis by QAMS combined with electronic-eye and electronic-tongue techniques / 中草药

Objective: To establish a method of quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS) for medicinal materials and pieces of Cornus officinalis. This method was used in combination with electronic-eye and electronic-tongue technique, and the best steaming time of Cornus officinalis was selected. Methods: Medicinal materials and pieces of C. officinalis were used as the research objects. The contents of five components were determined by establishing the relative correction factor (RCF) of gallic acid, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF), morroniside, cornuside, and internal reference loganin in C. officinalis. Color and taste were measured by electronic eye and electronic tongue technique. The data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), and the best steaming time was optimized by analyzing the results of three methods. Results: The five compounds were well separated. The RSD values of precision and reproducibility were all less than 2%. The stability was good in 24 h. The linear relationship among the concentration and peak areas of the five compounds was all linear (r ≥ 0.999 6). The average recoveries were between 98% and 100.1% and the RSD values were all less than 2%; The RCFs of loganin with the other four compounds were 0.560, 1.344, 1.255, and 0.972 in a linear range. In the principal component analysis (PCA), the sums of main components were 94.618% and 94.98% and the discrimination indexes (DI) were 98 and 93, which indicated that all the samples of C. officinalis could be distinguished well by the electronic-eye and the electronic-tongue. The results showed that the optimum steaming time of C. officinalis was 4 h. Conclusion: The best steaming time of C. officinalis can be optimized by the combination of QAMS with electronic-eye and electronic-tongue techniques.

Application of OCT in traumatic macular hole / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AIM: To observe the application of optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) in the diseases of traumatic macular hole.·METHODS: Twenty - five eyes of 23 patients with traumatic macular hole from January 2015 to January 2017 were enrolled in this study, including 9 eyes treated without surgeries, 16 eyes with surgeries. The image features were analyzed using OCT from ZEISS.·RESULTS: The OCT characteristics in patients with traumatic macular hole were partial or full - thickness disappearance of the neuro-epithelium. Posterior vitreous detachment was not seen in the traumatic macular hole. OCT examination revealed that 4 eyes had partial detachment of macular hole and 21 eyes had full thickness detachment. Of the twenty-one eyes, 4 eyes had simple macular hole, 10 eyes had macular full-layer division with peripheral nerve epithelium edema, 7 eyes had the macular full - layer hole with the neuro - epithelium localized detachment. In the 25 eyes, 9 eyes did not undergo the surgery, of which 7 eyes were self-healing;16 eyes were surgically treated. Postoperative OCT showed the macular structure were normal in 12 eyes with the visual acuity improved 3 lines; retinal nerve epithelium were thinning in 4 eyes, visual acuities were not significant improved after surgery.·CONCLUSION: OCT examination is necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic macular hole.

Effects and mechanisms of Liujing Toutong Tablets on migraine of rats / 中草药

Objective To investigate effect and mechanisms of Liujing Toutong Tablets (LTT) on migraine model rats. Methods Rats were sc injected with nitroglycerin to establish migraine model, effect of LTT on scratching latency and frequency of migraine model rats was investigated; 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) in brain tissue were detected; And β-endorphin (β-EP), calcitonin gene related pepitde (CGRP), and endothelin (ET) in serum were examined by ELISA; The content of nitric oxide (NO) and activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in serum were examined. Results After sc injected with nitroglycerin in 1 to 3 min, the rats in model group began to scratch its head frequently, scratching latency of rats in high- and low- dose (1.4 and 0.7 g/kg) of LTT group was extended (P < 0.01) and scratching frequency was decreased (P < 0.001); The content of β-EP and ET in serum and DA in brain tissue of rats in high- and low-dose (1.4 and 0.7 g/kg) of LTT group were increased (P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001), and the content of CGRP and the activity of NOS in serum were decreased (P < 0.05). The content of 5-HT and NE in brain tissue of rats in high- and low- dose (1.4 and 0.7 g/kg) of LTT group had no significant change. Conclusion LTT has a significant therapeutic effect on migraine, and could inhibit contractile response of vascular. The mechanisms may be connected with increasing content of β-EP, ET, DA and decreasing content of CGRP and the activity of NOS.